Friday, April 24, 2026

Six Powerful Ways AI Helped Me Understand AMA CPT AI Policy (Appendix S)

 How AI Has Greatly Helped Me Understand AMA CPT “APPENDIX S” For AI

 For over a year, AMA has been working on a heavy overhaul of its Appendix S, coding and classification policy for software-intensive services like AI.   At many points, the journey has been a confusing one, trending toward better revisions even as the revisions have come to occupy most of the original document.

All year, and even right now, I’m getting huge benefits by using AI to understand what is happening.

1.  COPY COMPARE.   Chat GPT has done an outstanding job of comparing revision versions, and offering reasonable summaries of the results and perceived authors’ goals.

2.  CLEAN COPY.  The versions are so massively marked-up I find them almost unreadable.  Just by asking, Chat GPT was able to give me a clean copy with all the generations of changes accepted.  Far easier to read.

3.  LOGIC TREE.  At an April 16 workshop, AMA said it may try at some point to make a “logic tree’ or “flow chart” for software code classification.  I asked Chat GPT to try to do so, today, and in a couple minutes it gave me the results, including where a logic tree is possible and where it fails.   Knowing that could help edit the document.  Timeline: 5 minutes instead of several months.

4.  BETA TESTING.   Also on April 16, AMA said that later in the year, it may try to “fire test” or “beta test” whether the new Appendix S leads to consistent and clear classifications.  (But see point 3).  Chat GPT volunteered to find 10 or more use cases (it found many on Category IiI rosters) and try to fit them into the Appendix S template.  Result: Sometimes worked, sometimes failed, and explained how and why. Timeline: 5 minutes instead of several months.

5.  DEALING WITH CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS.   The appendix doesn’t define AI or ML and it’s not always clear what services should be brought into and through Appendix S and which not.  Chat GPT offered possible remedies with model text. 

6.  REWRITING THE WHOLE DAMN THING.   I asked it to rewrite a new Appendix S, not by redlineing the 2022/23 version, but starting from a white page.  It did so, and took various individual paragraphs through extra versions at my guidance.  Timeline; 5 minutes instead of 6 hours by hand.

In short, there were myriad ways that AI itself was super-helpful on the Appendix S journey.



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Appendix S as-is

https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/cpt/cpt-appendix-s-ai-taxonomy-medical-services-procedures

2025 Revisions article by AMA panelist/author

https://www.frankhealthcareadvisors.com/post/cpt-appendix-s-the-missing-link-between-ai-innovation-reimbursement-1

App S anew.